@article {528,
	title = {Phylogeny and evolution of host-parasitoid interactions in Hymenoptera},
	journal = {Annual Review of Entomology},
	volume = {43},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {129-151},
	abstract = {Recent studies of hymenopteran phylogeny using both comparative morphology andDNAsequence data have greatly enhanced our understanding of the evolution of that order. Resulting phylogenetic hypotheses make possible more rigorous investigations of the evolution of various biological life-styles, among them the parasitoid habit. This paper reviews the current findings from higher-taxon phy- logenetic analyses of the order. A {\textquotedblleft}consensus{\textquotedblright} phylogeny derived from these findings is used to trace the most likely evolutionary pathways leading to the current diversity of parasitoid habits. Taxa and biological phenomena for which our current understanding is fragmentary are highlighted. Based on current evi- dence, it appears that parasitism arose, from mycophagous ancestors, a single time within the order. Many subsequent elaborations of the parasitic mode of life (e.g. endoparasitism, secondary phytophagy, etc) apparently evolved independently more than once.},
	keywords = {Biological, comparative morphology, habits, interactions, molecular systematics, parasitic wasps},
	author = {Whitfield, J.B.}
}
@article {529,
	title = {Hierarchical analysis of variation in the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene among Hymenoptera.},
	journal = {Molecular biology and evolution},
	volume = {15},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {1728-1743},
	abstract = {Nucleotide sequences from a 434-bp region of the 16S rRNA gene were analyzed for 65 taxa of Hymenoptera (ants, bees, wasps, parasitoid wasps, sawflies) to examine the patterns of variation within the gene fragment and the taxonomic levels for which it shows maximum utility in phylogeny estimation. A hierarchical approach was adopted in the study through comparison of levels of sequence variation among taxa at different taxonomic levels. As previously reported for many holometabolous insects, the 16S data reported here for Hymenoptera are highly AT-rich and exhibit strong site-to-site variation in substitution rate. More precise estimates of the shape parameter (alpha) of the gamma distribution and the proportion of invariant sites were obtained in this study by employing a reference phylogeny and utilizing maximum-likelihood estimation. The effectiveness of this approach to recovering expected phylogenies of selected hymenopteran taxa has been tested against the use of maximum parsimony. This study finds that the 16S gene is most informative for phylogenetic analysis at two different levels: among closely related species or populations, and among tribes, subfamilies, and families. Maximization of the phylogenetic signal extracted from the 16S gene at higher taxonomic levels may require consideration of the base composition bias and the site-to-site rate variation in a maximum-likelihood framework.},
	keywords = {16S, 16S: genetics, Animals, Base Sequence, DNA, evolution, Genetic Variation, Hymenoptera, Hymenoptera: classification, Hymenoptera: genetics, Mitochondrial, Mitochondrial: chemistry, Mitochondrial: genetics, Molecular, Molecular Sequence Data, Nucleic Acid Conformation, phylogeny, Ribosomal, Ribosomal: chemistry, Ribosomal: genetics, RNA, Wasps, Wasps: classification, Wasps: genetics},
	author = {Whitfield, J.B. and Cameron, S.A.}
}
@article {530,
	title = {Andesipolis, a puzzling new genus of cyclostome Braconidae (Hymenoptera) from the Chilean Andes, with descriptions of three new species},
	journal = {Zootaxa},
	volume = {438},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {1-15},
	abstract = {A new genus of braconid wasp, Andesipolis Whitfield \& Choi, n. g., is described from the Andean region of Chile. It clearly belongs to the cyclostome lineage of Braconidae but otherwise is diffi- cult to assign definitively to tribe or subfamily, as it has some morphological features typical of Rhysipolini, others typical of Rhyssalini, and a few unique features. Three species, A. whartoni n. sp., A. masoni, n. sp. and A. framea n. sp. are described to represent the range of morphological variation encompassed by the new generic concept; other species are known to exist in collections but await a full-scale revision of this locally abundant genus.},
	keywords = {hormiini, parasitoids, rhyipolini, rhyssalini},
	author = {Whitfield, J.B. and Choi, W.-Y. and Suh, K.-I.}
}
@article {531,
	title = {Reared microgastrine wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from Yanayacu Biological Station and environs (Napo Province, Ecuador): diversity and host specialization.},
	journal = {Journal of insect science (Online)},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {1-22},
	abstract = {The microgastrine braconid wasps recovered up through 2007 by the NSF-sponsored rearing project "Caterpillars and Parasitoids of the Eastern Andes in Ecuador" are summarized in terms of their host specialization and faunistic uniqueness. Two hundred fifty eight rearings of caterpillars resulted in records of Microgastrinae, distributed among 14 genera (Apanteles F{\"o}rster, Choeras Mason, Cotesia Cameron, Diolcogaster Ashmead, Distatrix Mason, Dolichogenidea Viereck, Exix Mason, Glyptapanteles Ashmead, Hypomicrogaster Ashmead, Papanteles Mason, Parapanteles Ashmead, Protapanteles Ashmead, Sathon Mason and Venanus Mason). Eleven records of hyperparasitoids of Microgastrinae are also summarized; Mesochorus Gravenhorst (Ichneumonidae) and Perilampidae are both recorded. The results are compared to those recovered by surveys in other parts of the world, especially by the Janzen-Hallwachs survey of the Area de Conservaci{\'o}n Guanacaste (ACG) in Costa Rica. An annotated list of microgastrine genera not yet recorded at Yanayacu, but which we expect to eventually find there based on extrapolation from their known geographic distributions, is provided.},
	keywords = {Animals, biodiversity, ecuador, Host-Parasite Interactions, Host-Parasite Interactions: physiology, lepidoptera, Lepidoptera: parasitology, Species Specificity, Wasps, Wasps: growth \& development, Wasps: physiology},
	author = {Whitfield, J.B. and Rodriguez, J.J. and Masonick, P.K.}
}
@article {502,
	title = {Two new species of the genus Austrocotesia Austin \& Dangerfield (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from the Andean region of South America},
	journal = {Zootaxa},
	volume = {888},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {1-11},
	abstract = {The microgastrine braconid wasp genus Austrocotesia was erected by Austin \& Dangerfield as a new, apparently endemic Australasian genus. In the past 8 years a series of specimens clearly belonging to the genus have been collected throughout South America and Mesoamerica. In the present paper, Austrocotesia croizati n. sp. and A. renei n.sp. are described and illustrated from the Andean region of South America. In addition, a key to the known species is presented, and the rela- tionships and taxonomic status of the genus are briefly discussed.},
	keywords = {Austrocotesia, Braconidae, Hymenoptera, Microgastrinae, neotropics, new species, taxonomy},
	author = {Valerio, A.A. and Whitfield, J.B.}
}
@article {503,
	title = {Epsilogaster faviolae, a new species of Mendesellinae from Colombia (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)},
	journal = {Zootaxa},
	volume = {41},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {1-7},
	abstract = {A new species of mendeselline braconid wasp, Epsilogaster faviolae Valerio and Whitfield, sp. nov., is described and illustrated. This is the first record from Colombia for the subfamily and the genus. An update to the previously published key for the Epsilogaster species is given to aid in identification.},
	keywords = {Braconidae, Epsilogaster, Hymenoptera, Mendesellinae, Neotropical region, taxonomy},
	author = {Valerio, A.A. and Whitfield, J.B.}
}
@article {504,
	title = {Review of world Parapanteles Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae), with description of fourteen new Neotropical species and the first description of the final instar larvae},
	journal = {Zootaxa},
	volume = {2084},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {1-49},
	abstract = {Currently only two Neotropical species are known for Parapanteles Ashmead (1900): Parapanteles aletiae (Riley), described from the U.S., Cuba and Puerto Rico, and P. paradoxus (Muesebeck), described from Costa Rica. In the present paper we describe 14 new species from the New World (Parapanteles complexus n.sp., P. continua n.sp., P. em n.sp., P. lincolnii n.sp., P. mariae n.sp., P. nephos n.sp., P. noae n.sp., P. polus n.sp., P. rarus n.sp., P.scotti n.sp., P. sicpolus n.sp., P. tessares n.sp., P. thrix n.sp., P. tlinea n.sp.) and provide an illustrated key for the world species. In addition, we present a synopsis of the ecology of species in the genus using new rearing records and previously published host records. Eighteen species in 11 lepidopteran families are known to be hosts for Parapanteles species, and these hosts feed on plants from 21 families totaling at least 43 species.},
	keywords = {Braconidae, Ecology, host records, Microgastrinae, neotropics, new species, taxonomy},
	author = {Valerio, A.A. and Whitfield, J.B. and Janzen, D.H.}
}
@article {505,
	title = {Parapanteles rooibos, n. sp.(Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae): the first record of the genus from the African continent},
	journal = {Zootaxa},
	volume = {855},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {1-8},
	abstract = {Currently Parapanteles Ashmead (1900) has been recorded only from the Australian and American continents. However, in this publication we describe Parapanteles rooibos n. sp. from the African continent. We also provide information about its ecology and biology. The species may ultimately prove to be an important natural enemy of Isturgia exerraria (Prout) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Ennominae), an herbivore of the commercially produced shrub Aspalatus linearis (Fabaceae), from which rooibos tea is made. A hyperparasitoid, Pediobius sp. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), is recorded. A key to the four currently known Parapanteles species is included to facilitate species identification.},
	keywords = {afrotropical region, Braconidae, host, Microgastrinae, parapanteles, taxonomy},
	author = {Valerio, A.A. and Whitfield, J.B. and Kole, M.}
}
@article {500,
	title = {Review of the microgastrine braconid wasp genus Exoryza, with description of a new species, E. monocavus, from Central America},
	journal = {Zootaxa},
	volume = {526},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {1-11},
	abstract = {A new species of the rarely collected microgastrine braconid wasp genus Exoryza Mason, E. mono- cavus n. sp., is described and illustrated. With this finding, the geographical range for the genus is extended to Central America in the New World, from a previous known distribution including only North America (E. minnesota Mason) and Asia (E. schoenobiii (Wilkinson)). The two previously described species are redescribed, and an illustrated key for all three species is presented.},
	keywords = {Braconidae, Exoryza, Hymenoptera, new species, New World tropics},
	author = {Valerio, A.A. and Deans, A.R. and Whitfield, J.B.}
}
@article {501,
	title = {Prasmodon zlotnicki, a new Neotropical species of the genus Prasm-odon Nixon (Braconidae: Microgastrinae) from Costa Rica, with the first host records for the genus},
	journal = {Zootaxa},
	volume = {1016},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {29-38},
	abstract = {Prasmodon zlotnicki, a new Costa Rican species of the genus Prasmodon Nixon, is described and illustrated. In addition, the first host records for the genus are included along with an updated key to differentiate Prasmodon zlotnicki from P. eminens Nixon. Prasmodon is now known to attack several species of leaf-rolling and leaf-webbing Crambidae (Lepidoptera) in rain forest habitats},
	keywords = {Braconidae, crambidae, host records, Microgastrinae, prasmodon, spilomelinae},
	author = {Valerio, A.A. and Rodriguez, J.J. and Whitfield, J.B. and Hanzen, D.H.}
}
@article {452,
	title = {Extreme diversity of tropical parasitoid wasps exposed by iterative integration of natural history, DNA barcoding, morphology, and collections.},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
	volume = {105},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {12359-12364},
	abstract = {We DNA barcoded 2,597 parasitoid wasps belonging to 6 microgastrine braconid genera reared from parapatric tropical dry forest, cloud forest, and rain forest in Area de Conservaci{\'o}n Guanacaste (ACG) in northwestern Costa Rica and combined these data with records of caterpillar hosts and morphological analyses. We asked whether barcoding and morphology discover the same provisional species and whether the biological entities revealed by our analysis are congruent with wasp host specificity. Morphological analysis revealed 171 provisional species, but barcoding exposed an additional 142 provisional species; 95\% of the total is likely to be undescribed. These 313 provisional species are extraordinarily host specific; more than 90\% attack only 1 or 2 species of caterpillars out of more than 3,500 species sampled. The most extreme case of overlooked diversity is the morphospecies Apanteles leucostigmus. This minute black wasp with a distinctive white wing stigma was thought to parasitize 32 species of ACG hesperiid caterpillars, but barcoding revealed 36 provisional species, each attacking one or a very few closely related species of caterpillars. When host records and/or within-ACG distributions suggested that DNA barcoding had missed a species-pair, or when provisional species were separated only by slight differences in their barcodes, we examined nuclear sequences to test hypotheses of presumptive species boundaries and to further probe host specificity. Our iterative process of combining morphological analysis, ecology, and DNA barcoding and reiteratively using specimens maintained in permanent collections has resulted in a much more fine-scaled understanding of parasitoid diversity and host specificity than any one of these elements could have produced on its own.},
	keywords = {Animals, Automatic Data Processing, biodiversity, Costa Rica, Data Collection, Data Collection: methods, DNA, Genes, Host-Parasite Interactions, Insect, lepidoptera, Lepidoptera: parasitology, Molecular Sequence Data, Morphogenesis, Natural History, Parasites, Wasps, Wasps: classification, Wasps: genetics},
	author = {Smith, M Alex and Rodriguez, J.J. and Whitfield, J.B. and Deans, A.R. and Janzen, D.H. and Hallwachs, Winnie and Hebert, Paul D N}
}
@article {440,
	title = {Revision of Khoikhoiinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae)},
	journal = {ZooKeys},
	volume = {20},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {299-348},
	abstract = {T e species of the two genera of Khoikhoiinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) are revised. T irteen species are recognized, of which fi ve are new and eight were previously described: Khoikhoia anthelion Sharkey, sp. n., K. lission Mason, 1984, K. oligospilos Sharkey, sp. n., K. semiadusta Mason, 1983, K. solata Mason, 1983, K. townesi Mason, 1983, K. turneri Mason, 1984, Sania browni Sharkey, sp. n., S. capensis Mason, 1983, S. henryi Mason, 1983, S. marjoriae Mason, 1983, S. masneri Sharkey, sp. n., and S. masoni Sharkey, sp. n. All are from the Cape Region of South Africa, and all but one species are confi ned to the western Cape. A dichotomous key to species is presented; links to electronic interactive keys and to distribution maps are also included. Based on phylogenetic position and morphological characters, speculations on life history are made, and it is suggested that some species may be parasitoids of wood- or stem-boring Lepidoptera. T e DELTA data matrix and images for the key are available at 10.3897/zookeys.20.108. app.1.ik; Intkey fi les are available at 10.3897/zookeys.20.108.app.2.ik; Lucid fi les in LIF and SDD for- mat are available at: doi:10.3897/zookeys.20.108.app.3.ik and doi:10.3897/zookeys.20.108.app.4.ik. Publishing of DELTA raw data will facilitate future workers to edit keys and to add newly discovered taxa.},
	keywords = {Khoikhoia, lepidoptera, parasitoid wasps, Sania, South Africa, systematics, taxonomy},
	author = {Sharkey, M.J. and van Noort, S. and Whitfield, J.B.}
}
@article {394,
	title = {Phylogeny of the parasitic microgastroid subfamilies (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) based on sequence data from seven genes, with an improved time estimate of the origin of the lineage.},
	journal = {Molecular phylogenetics and evolution},
	volume = {47},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {378-395},
	abstract = {The microgastroid complex of braconid wasps is a widely recognized and biologically coherent lineage of endoparasitoids of lepidopteran larvae (caterpillars). The complex has received significant phylogenetic attention in recent years due in part to the taxons{\textquoteright} association with mutualistic polydnaviruses, with which they compromise host immune systems. A number of previous attempts using a variety of morphological and molecular approaches have not unequivocally resolved relationships amongst the main subfamilies. This work represents a more extensive attempt to resolve the microgastroid relationships, using seven genes (16S rRNA, cytochrome oxidase I (CO1), 28S rRNA, arginine kinase (ArgK), long wavelength rhodopsin (Ops), elongation factor 1 alpha (EF1a) and wingless (Wg)) and a greater taxonomic representation. Bayesian, likelihood and parsimony phylogenetic reconstructions of this improved data set has determined that the chelonines diverged first from the remainder of the microgastroids, however the relationships amongst the other subfamilies are still unclear, suggesting a greater nucleotide sample is required to resolve them. Examination of the contribution of individual gene trees to the phylogeny demonstrates why the relationships between subfamilies are still unclear, with not all groups monophyletic for all trees. Filtered supernetworks demonstrate that monophyly of all subfamilies is only recovered when splits found in only one or two genes are excluded, but this also results in little remaining structure left in the deep nodes to resolve inter-subfamily relationships. By increasing the breadth of the study we were also able to re-evaluate previous attempts at dating the lineage and, therefore the origin of the polydnavirus association. Previous attempts used a much reduced data set and fewer fossil calibrations. Thorough literature searches have revealed a substantial increase in the fossil calibrations and these, combined with more sophisticated molecular dating analysis, have substantially increased the age of the microgastroid lineage from previous estimates of approximately 73MYA to approximately 100MYA. Examination of the resultant linearized clock tree also allows an insight into the evolution of the more species rich subfamilies. The chelonines appear to have had a steady rate of evolution, whilst the microgastrines and cardiochilines appear to have undergone a more significant "burst" of evolution. It is hypothesized that the different parasitism strategies of subfamilies (Chelonines are egg parasitoids and the remainder are larval parasitioids) may have influenced the evolutionary rates of the groups.},
	keywords = {Animals, Base Sequence, DNA Primers, Hymenoptera, Hymenoptera: classification, Hymenoptera: genetics, Likelihood Functions, phylogeny},
	author = {Murphy, Nicholas and Banks, J.C. and Whitfield, J.B. and Austin, A.D.}
}
@article {366,
	title = {Braconid wasp (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) diversity in forest plots under different silvicultural methods},
	journal = {Environmental Entomology},
	volume = {28},
	year = {1999},
	pages = {986-997},
	publisher = {Entomological Society of America},
	abstract = {Braconid wasps were used as an indicator group to test the hypothesis that the degree of disturbance in silvicultural treatments willchangethe totalabundanceandcomposition of species. Wasps were collected with Malaise traps on undisturbed (control), moderately disturbed (pine single-tree selection) and highly disturbed (pine-hardwood seed-tree) research plots of the USDA Forest Service in the Ouachita National Forest of Western Arkansas. We used 3 measures of wasp diversity: (1) numbers of individuals and numbers of species, (2) estimated total species richness and abundance, and (3) observed and estimated complementarity (proportions of species shared or not shared) among treatment types. In all, 1,300 wasps were collected, representing 23 subfamilies, 84genera,and251morphospecies.Rawnumbersof individualsandspeciessuggestedlittle difference among treatments. Total species richness estimates projected that the disturbed treatments have twice the number of species as the undisturbed. However, measures of complementarity revealed strongly different species complexes between treatments: undisturbed and highly disturbed treat- ments had just24\%of their species incommon,whereas moderately and highly disturbed treatments shared 42\%. Thus, some species in undisturbed forests are lost after disturbance, even though actual diversity appears to increase. Braconid wasps show promise as sensitive indicators of faunal changes during disturbance. These changes are best perceived through species comparisons between treat- ments when patterns of relative abundance and faunal complementarity are incorporated},
	keywords = {biodiversity, Braconidae, complementarity, forest management, species richness},
	author = {Lewis, C.N. and Whitfield, J.B.}
}
@article {307,
	title = {Kiwigaster gen. nov.(Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from New Zealand: the first Microgastrinae with sexual dimorphism in number of antennal segments},
	journal = {Zootaxa},
	volume = {2932},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {24-32},
	abstract = {A new and morphologically unusual genus of microgastrine Braconidae, Kiwigaster Fernandez-Triana, Whitfield and Ward, with one new species, K. variabilis Fernandez-Triana and Ward, is described from New Zealand, where it is wide- spread. A number of morphological features mark it as unique among Microgastrinae, the most striking being the males and females having different numbers of antennal flagellomeres (females 17, males 18). Other unusual characters suggest this may be the most early-diverging extant species of the subfamily, although comprehensive phylogenetic analyses have yet to be conducted. Nothing is yet known about its host(s) or other aspects of its biology.},
	keywords = {antennae, Braconidae, Hymenoptera, Microgastrinae, New Zealand, sexual dimorphism},
	author = {Fernandez-Triana, J.L. and Ward, DF and Whitfield, J.B.}
}
@article {243,
	title = {Cornutorogas, a new genus with four new species of the subfamily Rogadinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from the Oriental region},
	journal = {Journal of Natural History},
	volume = {38},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {2211-2223},
	publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
	abstract = {A new genus, Cornutorogas gen. nov., and four new species, Cornutorogas orientalis Chen and Belokobyskij, sp. nov. (China, Vietnam), C. maetoi van Achterberg, sp. nov. (Thailand), C. javensis van Achterberg, sp. nov. (Java) and C. sumatrensis van Achterberg, sp. nov. (Sumatra), of the subfamily Rogadinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from the Oriental Region are described and illustrated. The placement of this genus in the Rogadini is discussed.},
	keywords = {Braconid wasp, China, Java, nes genus, new species: Oriental region, Vietnam},
	author = {Chen, X.-X. and Belokobylskij, S.A. and Achterberg, C. van and Whitfield, J.B.}
}
@article {244,
	title = {A molecular phylogeny of the subfamily Rogadinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) based on the D2 variable region of 28S ribosomal RNA},
	journal = {Acta Entomologica Sinica},
	volume = {46},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {209-217},
	keywords = {28S rRNA, Braconidae, Hymenoptera, molecular phylogeny, Rogadinae},
	author = {Chen, X.-X. and Piao, M.-H. and Whitfield, J.B. and He, J.-H.}
}
@article {246,
	title = {Revision of the subfamily Cardiochilinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in China. I. The genera Austerocardiochiles Dangerfield, Austin, and Whitfield, Eurycardiochiles},
	journal = {Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington},
	volume = {106},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {35-51},
	keywords = {Austerocardiochiles, Braconidae, Cardiochilinae, China, Eurycardiochiles, new records, new species, Psilommiscus},
	author = {Chen, X.-X. and Whitfield, J.B. and He, J.-H.}
}
@article {247,
	title = {Cuneogaster, a new genus of the subfamily Microgastrinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) From the Neotropical Region},
	journal = {PROCEEDINGS-ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON},
	volume = {108},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {119},
	publisher = {Entomological Society of Washington},
	abstract = {Cuneogaster, a new genus of the subfamily Microgastrinae from the Neotropical Region, is described and illustrates, with C. inae n.sp. as the type species. The features and relationships of Cuneogaster and several somewhat similar microgastrinae genera are discussed.},
	keywords = {Cuneogaster inae, Microgastrinae, new genus, new species, New world, parasitoid},
	author = {Choi, W. and Whitfield, J.B.}
}
@article {156,
	title = {Dissecting the ancient rapid radiation of microgastrine wasp genera using additional nuclear genes},
	journal = {Molecular phylogenetics and Evolution},
	volume = {41},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {690-703},
	publisher = {Elsevier},
	abstract = {Previous estimates of a generic level phylogeny for the ubiquitous parasitoid wasp subfamily Microgastrinae (Hymenoptera) have been problematic due to short internal branches deep in the phylogeny. These short branches might be attributed to a rapid radiation among the taxa, the use of genes that are unsuitable for the levels of divergence being examined, or insufficient quantity of data. We added over 1200 nucleotides from four nuclear genes to a data set derived from three genes to produce a data set of over 3000 nucleotides per taxon. While the number of well-supported short branches in the phylogeny increased, we still did not obtain strong bootstrap support for every node. Parametric and non-parametric bootstrap simulations projected that an enormous, and likely unobtainable, amount of data would be required to get bootstrap support greater than 50\% for every node. However, a marked increase in the number of well-supported nodes was seen when we conducted a Bayesian analysis of a combined data set generated from morphological characters added to the seven gene data set. Our results suggest that, in some cases, combining morphological and genetic characters may be the most practical way to increase support for short branches deep in a phylogeny.},
	keywords = {Bayesian, Braconidae, Hymenoptera, morphology, support},
	author = {Banks, J.C. and Whitfield, J.B.}
}
