@article {702,
	title = {Nota sobre Xorides Latreille (Ichneumonidae, Hymenoptera) no Brasil 1},
	journal = {Revista Brasiliera de Zoologia},
	volume = {12},
	year = {1995},
	pages = {31-35},
	abstract = {The Xoridinae with four genera are nearly cosmopolitan and Xorides are mainly Holartic in distribution. This genus has in South America three subgenera with four species, X. (Xorides) xanthisma Porter, 1975, X. (Pyramirhyssa) magnificus (Mocs{\'a}ry. 1905), X. (Periceros) plumicornis (Smith, 1877) and X. (Periceros) euthrix Porter, 1975. The males of X. magnificus and X. xanthisma are described. Xorides euthrix and X. xanthisma are for the first time registered from Brazil. Comments are made on the morphology and distribution is registered for the eastern Brazil. Alphus sp. Cerambycidae, is the host of X. euthrix.},
	keywords = {Brasil, distribution, Ichneumonidae, morphology, Xorides},
	url = {http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S0101-81751995000100006\&script=sci_arttext},
	author = {Graf, V.}
}
@article {545,
	title = {The male genitalia in the subfamily Agathidinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): Morphological information of species on generic level},
	journal = {Zoologischer Anzeiger - A Journal of Comparative Zoology},
	volume = {250},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {246-257},
	abstract = {The morphology of the male genitalia of 46 Agathidinae species belonging to 20 genera has been investigated. Samples from various geographical regions were used to discover the evolution of the male genitalia within the subfamily Agathidinae. Those male genitalia may contain important phylogenetic information at least in certain groups of Braconidae. For the New World, three of four investigated species of Cremnops (C. haematodes, C. montrealensis and C. vulgaris) could suggest the form of the new genus with the other members of New World Cremnops, partly because of the deviating morphology of the male genitalia. Comparative morphology of the male genitalia of Bassus confirms that it is polyphyletic. The status of Lytopylus (L. erythrogaster) is again actualised. Once synonymised as Aerophilopsis, this species could be excluded from other Lytopylus species. The statistical analysis showed that smaller specimens (<6.67mm) give less details on the morphology of the male genitalia comparing to larger.},
	keywords = {Agathidinae, Braconidae, cremnops, male genitalia, morphology},
	author = {{\v Z}iki{\'c}, V. and Achterberg, C. van and Stankovi{\'c}, S.S. and Ili{\'c}, M.}
}
@article {498,
	title = {Pictorial identification key for species of Sarcophagidae (Diptera) of potential forensic importance in southern Brazil},
	journal = {Revista Brasileira de Entomologia},
	volume = {55},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {333-347},
	publisher = {SciELO Brasil},
	abstract = {Pictorial identification key for species of Sarcophagidae (Diptera) of potential forensic importance in southern Bra- zil. Species of the subfamily Sarcophaginae are important to forensic entomology due to their necrophagous habits. This contribution presents a pictorial key for the identification of 22 Sarcophaginae species in 10 genera that are commonly found in southern Brazil. Photographs of the main structures used in species identification, mainly from the male terminalia, are provided},
	keywords = {Flesh flies, medico-legal entomology, morphology, taxonomy},
	url = {http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S0085-56262011000300006\&script=sci_arttext},
	author = {Vairo, K. and de Mello-Patiu, C.A. and de Carvalho, B.}
}
@article {447,
	title = {Phylogenetic relationships among the Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) inferred from partial 16S rDNA, 28S rDNA D2, 18S rDNA gene sequences and morphological characters},
	journal = {Molecular phylogenetics and evolution},
	volume = {37},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {104-116},
	publisher = {Elsevier},
	abstract = {Phylogenetic relationships among the Braconidae were examined using homologous 16S rDNA, 28S rDNA D2 region, and 18S rDNA gene sequences and morphological data using both PAUP* 4.0 and MRBAYES 3.0B4 from 88 in-group taxa representing 35 subfamilies. The monophyletic nature of almost all subfamilies, of which multiple representatives are present in this study, is well- supported except for two subfamilies, Cenocoelinae and Neoneurinae that should probably be treated as tribal rank taxa in the sub- family Euphorinae. The topology of the trees generated in the present study supported the existence of three large generally accepted lineage or groupings of subfamilies: two main entirely endoparasitic lineages of this family, referred to as the {\textquotedblleft}helconoid complex{\textquotedblright} and the {\textquotedblleft}microgastroid complex,{\textquotedblright} and the third {\textquotedblleft}the cyclostome.{\textquotedblright} The Aphidiinae was recovered as a member of the non-cyclosto- mes, probably a sister group of Euphorinae or Euphorinae-complex. The basal position of the microgastroid complex among the non-cyclostomes has been found in all our analyses. The cyclostomes were resolved as a monophyletic group in all analyses if two putatively misplaced groups (Mesostoa and Aspilodemon) were excluded from them. Certain well-supported relationships evident in this family from the previous analyses were recovered, such as a sister-group relationships of Alysiinae+Opiinae, of Braconinae+Doryctinae, and a close relationship between Macrocentrinae, Xiphozelinae, Homolobinae, and Charmontinae. The relationships of {\textquotedblleft}Ichneutinae+((Adeliinae+Cheloninae)+(Miracinae+(Cardiochilinae+Microgastrinae))){\textquotedblright} was conWrmed within the microgastroid complex. The position of Acampsohelconinae, Blacinae, and Trachypetinae is problematic. {\textcopyright} 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {16S rDNA, 18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, Braconidae, morphology, Phylogenetic relationships},
	author = {Shi, M. and Chen, X.-X. and Achterberg, C. van}
}
@article {423,
	title = {Phylogeny of the subfamilies of the family Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea)},
	journal = {Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden},
	volume = {8},
	year = {1992},
	pages = {199-235},
	abstract = {A phylogenetic analysis of the subfamilies of the family Braconidae Nees, 1812 is presented. The analysis employing 96 phylogenetically informative characters was performed using the computer- ized parsimony programmes PAUP and Hennig86. The cladograms obtained show that the Bracon- idae can be divided into three major groups of subfamilies. These are a lineage comprising the mainly ectoparasitic cyclostomes and relatives, and two advanced endoparasitic groups, both apparently derived from somewhere near the endoparasitic cyclostome subfamily Rogadinae Foerster, 1862 sensu stricto. As a result of the phylogenetic analysis subfamily rank is given to the Exothecinae Foerster, 1862 (including the Hormiini Foerster, 1862), the Rhyssalinae Foerster, 1862 (including the Pambolini Marshall, 1885), the Charmontinae van Achterberg, 1979, and the Microtypinae Sz{\'e}pligeti, 1908. The tribes Meteorini Cresson, 1887 and Muesebeckiini Mason, 1969 are retained as tribes because this anal- ysis did not provide conclusive arguments to separate these groups from the Euphorinae Foerster, 1862 sensu stricto and the Ichneutinae Foerster, 1862 sensu stricto, respectively. The limits of the sub- family Rogadinae Foerster, 1862 are narrowed to include only endoparasitic taxa.},
	keywords = {Braconidae, metasomal, morphology, ovipositor-shape, phylogeny, subfamilies},
	isbn = {0000000000},
	author = {Quicke, D.L.J. and Achterberg, C. van}
}
@article {362,
	title = {A new species of Latana Cameron (Hymenoptera : Braconidae : Braconinae) from Kibale Forest National Park, western Uganda, with the first host record of the genus confirmed by molecular techniques},
	journal = {African entomology},
	volume = {12},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {1-8},
	abstract = {The genus Latana Cameron is recognized as being a member of the Braconinae and a new species, L. keijua Laurenne \& Quicke, parasitic on lamiine cerambycid beetle larvae in western Uganda is illustrated and described as new. DNA sequence data were used to confirmthe host{\textendash}parasitoid association. A key is provided to separate the new species from the type-species of the genus.Observation of ovipositor buckling is presented,andthe distri- bution of facial protuberances in the Braconidae is discussed.},
	keywords = {dna sequence, morphology, ovipositor, phylogeny},
	author = {Laurenne, N.M.}
}
@article {256,
	title = {Filogenia de avispas del g{\'e}nero Netelia (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) con {\'e}nfasis en las especies costarricenses},
	journal = {Revista de Biolog\'\ia Tropical},
	volume = {57},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {213-238},
	abstract = {Phylogeny of wasps of the genus Netelia (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) with emphasis on Costa Rican species. Results on the first cladistic analysis of the genus Netelia are presented. The analysis was carried out with the aid of the Hennig86 and Tree Gardener 2.2 programs, using a matrix of 79 taxa and 149 char- acters, based mainly on external morphology and male genitalia; only three characters are related to the natural history of the species. Within the in-group, representative species of the 11 subgenera of Netelia described in the world were included, although almost 80\% of the species examined are from Costa Rica. To test the monophyly of the genus, five tryphonine species - Neliopisthus yui, Chiloplatys lucens, Phytodietus (Neuchorus) penai, P. (N.) lindus and P. (Phytodietus) moragai - were also included in the study group. Labena zerita (Labeninae) was used as an out-group. The search strategies of the trees included phylogenetic reconstruction by parsimony, without and with successive weighting of characters, through the commands bb *and mhennig*. In the analysis without successive weighting, 1 211 equally parsimonious trees with a length of 649 steps, Ci of 23 and Ri of 68, were obtained. In the analysis with successive weighting 1 211 trees with a length of 719 steps, Ci of 20 and Ri of 64, were obtained. The manifold cladograms obtained were summarized through two Majority Rule Consensuses trees, one for each rearch strategy. Support was found for the monophyly of the genus Netelia, and the subgenera N. (Apatagium), N. (Bessobates), N. (Monomacrodon), N. (Parabates), N. (Protonetelia), N. (Toxochilus) and N. (Longiterebates), although this last subgenus was only monophyletic in the analysis without successive weighting. Phylogenetic support was also obtained for the species groups leo, unguicularis and emorsa proposed by Townes (1938) in the subgenus N. (Netelia). The results support the synonymy of N. (Toxochiloides) with the group emorsa in the New World. Phylogenetic support was not found for the subgenera N. (Netelia), N. (Prosthodocis) and N. (Paropheltes), nor for the species groups virgata in N. (Bessobates) and geminata Townes in N. (Netelia). Nor was support found for a phylogenetic relation between the subgenera N. (Apatagium) and N. (Monomacrodon). Finally, with the results obtained here, the presence in Costa Rica of the subgenera N. (Longiterebates) and N. (Parabates), as documented by Gauld (1997), is rejected. The presence of N. (Bessobates) is unconditionally accepted and, for practical reasons, that of N. (Prosthodocis) and N. (Netelia); in addition, the presence of N. (Paropheltes) and N. (Toxochilus) is tentatively proposed. Rev.},
	keywords = {Costa Rica., insects, male genitalias, morphology, Netelia, parasitoid species, phylogeny, Tryphoninae},
	author = {Coronado-Rivera, J.}
}
@article {215,
	title = {Male genitalia of the species of the subfamily Agathidinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and their importance in taxonomy},
	journal = {Archives of Biological Sciences},
	volume = {62},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {455-467},
	abstract = {A morphological analysis of the male genitalia of 24 species of the subfamily Agathidinae from 10 genera is presented. Detailed descriptions of important morphological features of all the species are given. Their value in the identification of the species was assessed. It was found that the morphology of male genitalia could be used for identification of the genera, while it was of limited value at the species level, except for those belonging to multispecific genera.},
	keywords = {Agathidinae, Braconidae, male genitalia, morphology},
	author = {Brajkovic, M. and Stanisavljevic, L. and Nikolic, Z. and Curcic, S.B. and Zivic, Ivana and Stojanovic, D.}
}
@article {156,
	title = {Dissecting the ancient rapid radiation of microgastrine wasp genera using additional nuclear genes},
	journal = {Molecular phylogenetics and Evolution},
	volume = {41},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {690-703},
	publisher = {Elsevier},
	abstract = {Previous estimates of a generic level phylogeny for the ubiquitous parasitoid wasp subfamily Microgastrinae (Hymenoptera) have been problematic due to short internal branches deep in the phylogeny. These short branches might be attributed to a rapid radiation among the taxa, the use of genes that are unsuitable for the levels of divergence being examined, or insufficient quantity of data. We added over 1200 nucleotides from four nuclear genes to a data set derived from three genes to produce a data set of over 3000 nucleotides per taxon. While the number of well-supported short branches in the phylogeny increased, we still did not obtain strong bootstrap support for every node. Parametric and non-parametric bootstrap simulations projected that an enormous, and likely unobtainable, amount of data would be required to get bootstrap support greater than 50\% for every node. However, a marked increase in the number of well-supported nodes was seen when we conducted a Bayesian analysis of a combined data set generated from morphological characters added to the seven gene data set. Our results suggest that, in some cases, combining morphological and genetic characters may be the most practical way to increase support for short branches deep in a phylogeny.},
	keywords = {Bayesian, Braconidae, Hymenoptera, morphology, support},
	author = {Banks, J.C. and Whitfield, J.B.}
}
