02629nas a2200217   4500008004100000245017600041210006900217260001200286300001200298490000700310520192400317653001602241653000902257653001402266100001902280700001602299700001602315700002002331700001602351856004402367       2013                        eng d00aPhylogeny of the ophrynopine clade revisited: review of the parasitoid sawfly genera Ophrella Middlekauff, Ophrynopus Konow and Stirocorsia Konow (Hymenoptera : Orussidae)0 aPhylogeny of the ophrynopine clade revisited review of the paras  c08/2013  a450-4830 v273 a<p>The rare family Orussidae comprises the only parasitoid sawflies and are sister to the Apocrita, the latter comprising most of Hymenoptera. Because of this, their morphology and relationships have been particularly important for interpreting the morphology of and biological transitions within the order as a whole. Within the Orussidae the ophrynopines are a comparatively diverse clade with a predominantly southern hemisphere distribution. Here, a revised and expanded morphological dataset incorporating several new taxa is used to test ophrynopine relationships and provide further insights into their evolutionary history. The analyses largely corroborate previous results. The distribution pattern and the fossil record indicate that the ophrynopines radiated in the early Cenozoic in the Australasian-Oceanian and the Neotropic regions and later dispersed into the Nearctic, Eastern Palaearctic and Indomalayan regions. The South American genus Ophrella Middlekauff, 1985 is well supported as a monophyletic genus, whereas Ophrynopus Konow, 1897 is paraphyletic with respect to Stirocorsia Konow, 1897. Three new species, Ophrella eldorado Vilhelmsen, sp. nov., Ophrynopus guarani Blank, D.R. Smith &amp; Vilhelmsen, sp. nov., and Ophrynopus rupestris Vilhelmsen, Costa &amp; Alvarenga, sp. nov. are described. Ophrella lingulata Middlekauff, 1985 is treated as a junior synonym of Ophrella amazonica (Westwood, 1874). Stirocorsia is treated as a junior synonym of Ophrynopus. The species Ophrynopus apicalis (Togashi, 2000), Ophrynopus kohli (Konow, 1897), Ophrynopus maculipennis (F. Smith, 1859) and Ophrynopus tosensis (Tosawa &amp; Sugihara, 1934), formerly in Stirocorsia, are transferred to Ophrynopus. Revised keys to the species of Ophrella, Ophrynopus and the genera in the ophrynopine clade are provided. In addition, Orussidae are recorded from Bolivia and French Guiana for the first time.</p>
10aHymenoptera10akeys10aOrussidae1 aVilhelmsen, L.1 aBlank, S.M.1 aCosta, V.A.1 aAlvarenga, T.M.1 aSmith, D.R.  uhttp://www.publish.csiro.au/nid/120.htm02424nas a2200313   4500008004100000245012300041210006900164260001700233300000900250490000700259520136300266653001201629653002501641653001401666653002101680653003301701653001601734653003701750653002601787653002801813653001001841653003101851653002201882653001401904653001001918100001901928700001801947856014501965       2011                        eng d00aPer arborem ad astra: morphological adaptations to exploiting the woody habitat in the early evolution of Hymenoptera.0 aPer arborem ad astra morphological adaptations to exploiting the  bElsevier Ltd  a2-200 v403 aWe survey morphological features of larval and adult wasps that undergo their entire larval development inside wood and interpret them in view of the lifestyle. The evolution of some of the characters is explored by mapping them on a recently published phylogeny of Hymenoptera. Based on this phylogeny, it is reasonable to assume that wood-living wasps evolved from a xylophagous/mycetophagous stage as displayed by woodwasps to a carnivorous/parasitoid lifestyle, preying on woodboring insect larvae. The latter mode of life is probably ancestral to the Apocrita which comprise the majority of the order; they share this lifestyle with their sister group, the Orussidae. However, most apocritan wasps have radiated into other habitats, the Orussidae and Stephanidae apparently being the only taxa that have retained the ancestral lifestyle of carnivorous wasps. Other apocritan lineages associated with wood (e.g., Aulacidae, Megalyridae, basal Cynipoidea and some Ichneumonoidea and Chalcidoidea) possibly entered this habitat secondarily and independently acquired morphological traits associated with it. The woody habitat was occupied by Hymenoptera during a crucial stage in their evolution where the transition from the phytophagous to carnivorous lifestyle took place. The anatomy of both larva and adults was extensively transformed in the process.10aAnimals10aBiological Evolution10aEcosystem10aFood Preferences10aFood Preferences: physiology10aHymenoptera10aHymenoptera: anatomy & histology10aHymenoptera: genetics10aHymenoptera: physiology10aLarva10aLarva: anatomy & histology10aLarva: physiology10aphylogeny10aTrees1 aVilhelmsen, L.1 aTurrisi, G.F.  uhttps://insectafgseag.myspecies.info/en/content/arborem-ad-astra-morphological-adaptations-exploiting-woody-habitat-early-evolution-hymenopt