03023nas a2200373   4500008004100000245010000041210006900141300001000210490000700220520177900227653001202006653002902018653003802047653003402085653004402119653001402163653002802177653001102205653001402216653003102230653002002261653003002281653002802311653001002339653002602349653002202375653002002397653002202417653001402439100002102453700002302474700001902497856013302516       2011                        eng d00aApplying DNA barcoding for the study of geographical variation in host-parasitoid interactions.0 aApplying DNA barcoding for the study of geographical variation i  a46-590 v113 aStudies on the biogeography of host-parasitoid interactions are scarce, mainly because of technical difficulties associated with rearing and species identification. DNA barcoding is increasingly recognized as a valuable tool for taxon identification, allowing to link different life history stages of a species. We evaluate the usefulness of a protocol based on cytochrome oxidase I (COI) sequencing for the study of geographical variation of host-parasitoid interactions. Larvae of Acroclita subsequana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) were collected in Macaronesia and dissected to search for parasitoid larvae. Both hosts and parasitoids were sequenced and assigned to molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) based on pairwise genetic distances, tree-based and similarity-based methods. Hosts were grouped into six MOTUs, usually with an allopatric distribution, while parasitoids clustered into 12 MOTUs, each of which was mostly found attacking a single host MOTU. Available COI sequence databases failed to provide identification to species level for these MOTUs. Three challenges related to the applicability of DNA barcoding in this type of studies are identified and discussed: (i) more suitable primers need to be developed for both parasitoids and hosts; (ii) the most commonly used approaches for inferring MOTUs have different limitations (e.g. arbitrary nature of defining a threshold to separate MOTUs) and need to be improved or replaced by other techniques; and (iii) for the identification of MOTUs, it is imperative to increase the range of sequenced taxa in the currently available reference databases. Finally, in spite of these difficulties, we discuss how DNA barcoding will help ecological and biogeographical studies of host-parasitoid interactions.10aAnimals10aDNA Barcoding, Taxonomic10aDNA Barcoding, Taxonomic: methods10aElectron Transport Complex IV10aElectron Transport Complex IV: genetics10aEuphorbia10aEuphorbia: parasitology10aEurope10aGeography10aHost-Parasite Interactions10aInsect Proteins10aInsect Proteins: genetics10aMolecular Sequence Data10aMoths10aMoths: classification10aMoths: enzymology10aMoths: genetics10aMoths: physiology10aphylogeny1 aSantos, Ana, M C1 aBesnard, Guillaume1 aQuicke, D.L.J.  uhttps://insectafgseag.myspecies.info/en/content/applying-dna-barcoding-study-geographical-variation-host-parasitoid-interactions