01624nas a2200193   4500008004100000245007500041210006900116300001200185490000700197520097300204653001501177653002701192653001101219653001701230653002601247653002001273100002001293856011701313       1998                        eng d00aPhylogeny and evolution of host-parasitoid interactions in Hymenoptera0 aPhylogeny and evolution of hostparasitoid interactions in Hymeno  a129-1510 v433 aRecent studies of hymenopteran phylogeny using both comparative morphology andDNAsequence data have greatly enhanced our understanding of the evolution of that order. Resulting phylogenetic hypotheses make possible more rigorous investigations of the evolution of various biological life-styles, among them the parasitoid habit. This paper reviews the current findings from higher-taxon phy- logenetic analyses of the order. A “consensus” phylogeny derived from these findings is used to trace the most likely evolutionary pathways leading to the current diversity of parasitoid habits. Taxa and biological phenomena for which our current understanding is fragmentary are highlighted. Based on current evi- dence, it appears that parasitism arose, from mycophagous ancestors, a single time within the order. Many subsequent elaborations of the parasitic mode of life (e.g. endoparasitism, secondary phytophagy, etc) apparently evolved independently more than once.10aBiological10acomparative morphology10ahabits10ainteractions10amolecular systematics10aparasitic wasps1 aWhitfield, J.B.  uhttps://insectafgseag.myspecies.info/en/content/phylogeny-and-evolution-host-parasitoid-interactions-hymenoptera